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| − | {{Interlanguage|pl}} |
+ | {{Interlanguage|pl|Dialekt kaszubski}} |
{{Indo-European language |
{{Indo-European language |
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|name= Kashubian |
|name= Kashubian |
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| − | |image= [[File:Flag of Kashubians.png|200px]] |
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| − | |caption= Kashubian flag |
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|localname= Kaszëbsczi |
|localname= Kaszëbsczi |
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| − | |spoken= {{flag|Poland}} |
+ | |spoken= {{flag|Poland}} [[Poland]] |
|region= [[File:Herb Gryfitów.PNG|23px|link=Pomerania]] [[Pomerania]] |
|region= [[File:Herb Gryfitów.PNG|23px|link=Pomerania]] [[Pomerania]] |
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|speakers= 50,000 |
|speakers= 50,000 |
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'''Kashubian''' |
'''Kashubian''' |
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|official= Officially used as a [[regional language]], in some communities of the [[Pomeranian Voivodeship]] in [[Poland]] |
|official= Officially used as a [[regional language]], in some communities of the [[Pomeranian Voivodeship]] in [[Poland]] |
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| + | |group= {{flag|Kashubians}} [[wikipedia:en:Kashubians|Kashubians]] |
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|regulator= [[Kashubian Language Council]] |
|regulator= [[Kashubian Language Council]] |
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|ISO 639-1= ''None'' |
|ISO 639-1= ''None'' |
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| Line 23: | Line 22: | ||
|linguasphere= — |
|linguasphere= — |
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}} |
}} |
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| + | '''Kashubian''' or '''Cassubian''' (Kashubian: ''kaszëbsczi jãzëk, pòmòrsczi jãzëk, kaszëbskò-słowińskô mòwa''; [[Polish language|Polish]]: ''język kaszubski'', ''dialekt kaszubski'') is considered as either a [[dialect]] of the [[Polish language]] or as one of the [[Lechitic languages]], a subgroup of the [[Slavic languages]].<ref name=Barbour>Stephen Barbour, Cathie Carmichael, ''Language and Nationalism in Europe'', Oxford University Press, 2000, p.199, ISBN 0198236719</ref><ref name=Faska>[http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~sorb/seiten/eng/03/language.html About Languages] - [[University of Leipzig]]</ref><ref name=Pl>{{flag|Poland}} [[:pl:Dialekt kaszubski|Dialekt kaszubski on Językowa Wiki]]</ref> |
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| − | '''Kashubian''' - depending on opinion is a [[dialect]] of [[Polish language]] or a separate [[West Slavic languages|West Slavic language]]. It is spoken by about 50.000 people, called Kashubians, who live in the Pomerania, a region situated in the north of Poland. |
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| + | The language assumably evolved from the language spoken by a few tribes of [[wikipedia:en:Pomeranians (Slavic tribe)|Pomeranians]] known as the [[wikipedia:en:Kashubians|Kashubians]], in the region known as [[Pomerania]], on the southern coast of the [[Baltic Sea]] between the [[Vistula River|Vistula]] and [[Oder River|Oder]] rivers in [[Poland]]. |
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| + | |||
| + | ==Placement== |
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| + | {{Wikipedia-translate|pl|Język kaszubski}} |
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| + | Kashubian is closely related to [[Slovincian]], both of which are sometimes considered to be dialects of [[Pomeranian language|Pomeranian]]. Several [[linguist]]s, including those in Poland, consider Kashubian to be a dialect of Polish that diverged from the language, though now it is usually recognized as the closest living relative to the Polish language, being the only other extant Lechitic language. |
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| + | |||
| + | ==Grammar== |
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Belonging to the so called [[Lechitic languages|Lechitic]] family of [[Slavic languages]] it shares its feautures with Polish and [[Polabian language|Polabian]] languages. The centuries of mutual integrity of Pomerania and central Poland have made Kashubian closer to the adiacent Polish dialects - [[Mazovian dialect|Mazovian]] and [[Greater Polish dialect|Greater Polish]]. With the first it shares the alteration of ''a'' into ''e'' vowels in such particles as ''ra-'', ''ja-'' and ''-ar-''. With the second one, Kashubian shares lack of [[Mazurzenie]], so ''cz'', ''dż'' and ''sz'' digraphs do exist as well as ''ż'' sound. However, probably because of a strong germanic influence, Kasubian lost a similar set of consonants: ''ć'', ''dź'', ''ś'' and ''ź'' for the benefit of ''c'', ''dz'', ''s'' and ''z''. This process is called [[Kaszubienie]] in Polish dialectology. |
Belonging to the so called [[Lechitic languages|Lechitic]] family of [[Slavic languages]] it shares its feautures with Polish and [[Polabian language|Polabian]] languages. The centuries of mutual integrity of Pomerania and central Poland have made Kashubian closer to the adiacent Polish dialects - [[Mazovian dialect|Mazovian]] and [[Greater Polish dialect|Greater Polish]]. With the first it shares the alteration of ''a'' into ''e'' vowels in such particles as ''ra-'', ''ja-'' and ''-ar-''. With the second one, Kashubian shares lack of [[Mazurzenie]], so ''cz'', ''dż'' and ''sz'' digraphs do exist as well as ''ż'' sound. However, probably because of a strong germanic influence, Kasubian lost a similar set of consonants: ''ć'', ''dź'', ''ś'' and ''ź'' for the benefit of ''c'', ''dz'', ''s'' and ''z''. This process is called [[Kaszubienie]] in Polish dialectology. |
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| − | With Polabian Kashubian has TarT and TłoT forms in common. However, because of the strong influence of standard Polish this feature tends to disappear. |
+ | With Polabian Kashubian has TarT and TłoT forms in common. However, because of the strong influence of standard Polish this feature tends to disappear. |
| + | ===Example ([[wikipedia:en:Lord's Prayer|Lord's Prayer]])=== |
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| + | [[File:Ojcze nasz po kaszebsku.ogg|right|thumb|Listen]] |
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| + | ''Òjcze nasz, jaczi jes w niebie,''<br/> |
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| + | ''niech sã swiãcy Twòje miono,''<br/> |
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| + | ''niech przińdze Twòje królestwò,''<br/> |
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| + | ''niech mdze Twòja wòlô''<br/> |
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| + | ''jakno w niebie tak téż na zemi''.<br/> |
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| + | ''Chleba najégò pòwszednégò dôj nóm dzysô''<br/> |
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| + | ''i òdpùscë nóm naje winë,''<br/> |
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| + | ''jak i më òdpùszcziwómë naszim winowajcóm.''<br/> |
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| + | ''A nie dopùscë na nas pòkùszeniô,''<br/> |
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| + | ''ale nas zbawi òde złégò. Amen'' |
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| + | |||
| + | ==Official status== |
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In 2005, after Polish parliament had enacted the law about ethnical and national minorities and regional languages, Kashubian was granted an official status as a regional language. This became the strongest argument of Kashubian separateness supporters to treat it as a fully-fledged Slavic language. Traditionalists still prefer to classify Kashubian as one of the Polish dialects, though. |
In 2005, after Polish parliament had enacted the law about ethnical and national minorities and regional languages, Kashubian was granted an official status as a regional language. This became the strongest argument of Kashubian separateness supporters to treat it as a fully-fledged Slavic language. Traditionalists still prefer to classify Kashubian as one of the Polish dialects, though. |
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| + | |||
| + | ==Gallery== |
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| + | <gallery> |
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| + | File:Kashubian keyboard layout.png|The Kashubian keyboard. |
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| + | File:Ostrzyce-nazwa ulicy.JPG|A road sign in [[wikipedia:en:Ostrzyce|Ostrzyce]]. |
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| + | File:Powiat Pucczi 2 ubt.jpeg|A road sign in [[Poland]]. |
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| + | File:Song -kaszubskie nuty-.jpg|"Kaszubskie nuty" |
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| + | </gallery> |
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| + | ==References== |
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| + | {{Imagecat|Images of the Kashubian language}} |
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| + | {{reflist}} |
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| + | |||
| + | {{Kashubian}} |
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| + | {{Pomeranian}} |
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[[pl:Dialekt kaszubski]] |
[[pl:Dialekt kaszubski]] |
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[[Category:Kashubian language]] |
[[Category:Kashubian language]] |
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| + | [[Category:Pomeranian language]] |
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[[Category:Lechitic languages]] |
[[Category:Lechitic languages]] |
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[[Category:Languages of Poland]] |
[[Category:Languages of Poland]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:48, 11 March 2011
|
This article may be expanded with text from the corresponding article on Językowa Wiki. |
| Kashubian | ||
|---|---|---|
| Kaszëbsczi | ||
| General information | ||
| Countries |
| |
| Region |
| |
| Number of speakers |
50,000 | |
| Language family |
(disputed)
| |
| Political information | ||
| Official in |
Officially used as a regional language, in some communities of the Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland | |
| Group of speakers | ||
| Regulated by | ||
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1 |
None | |
| ISO 639-2 |
| |
| ISO 639-3 | ||
| Linguasphere |
— | |
Kashubian or Cassubian (Kashubian: kaszëbsczi jãzëk, pòmòrsczi jãzëk, kaszëbskò-słowińskô mòwa; Polish: język kaszubski, dialekt kaszubski) is considered as either a dialect of the Polish language or as one of the Lechitic languages, a subgroup of the Slavic languages.[1][2][3]
The language assumably evolved from the language spoken by a few tribes of Pomeranians known as the Kashubians, in the region known as Pomerania, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea between the Vistula and Oder rivers in Poland.
Placement[]
Template:Wikipedia-translate Kashubian is closely related to Slovincian, both of which are sometimes considered to be dialects of Pomeranian. Several linguists, including those in Poland, consider Kashubian to be a dialect of Polish that diverged from the language, though now it is usually recognized as the closest living relative to the Polish language, being the only other extant Lechitic language.
Grammar[]
Belonging to the so called Lechitic family of Slavic languages it shares its feautures with Polish and Polabian languages. The centuries of mutual integrity of Pomerania and central Poland have made Kashubian closer to the adiacent Polish dialects - Mazovian and Greater Polish. With the first it shares the alteration of a into e vowels in such particles as ra-, ja- and -ar-. With the second one, Kashubian shares lack of Mazurzenie, so cz, dż and sz digraphs do exist as well as ż sound. However, probably because of a strong germanic influence, Kasubian lost a similar set of consonants: ć, dź, ś and ź for the benefit of c, dz, s and z. This process is called Kaszubienie in Polish dialectology.
With Polabian Kashubian has TarT and TłoT forms in common. However, because of the strong influence of standard Polish this feature tends to disappear.
Example (Lord's Prayer)[]
Listen
Òjcze nasz, jaczi jes w niebie,
niech sã swiãcy Twòje miono,
niech przińdze Twòje królestwò,
niech mdze Twòja wòlô
jakno w niebie tak téż na zemi.
Chleba najégò pòwszednégò dôj nóm dzysô
i òdpùscë nóm naje winë,
jak i më òdpùszcziwómë naszim winowajcóm.
A nie dopùscë na nas pòkùszeniô,
ale nas zbawi òde złégò. Amen
Official status[]
In 2005, after Polish parliament had enacted the law about ethnical and national minorities and regional languages, Kashubian was granted an official status as a regional language. This became the strongest argument of Kashubian separateness supporters to treat it as a fully-fledged Slavic language. Traditionalists still prefer to classify Kashubian as one of the Polish dialects, though.
Gallery[]
References[]
- ↑ Stephen Barbour, Cathie Carmichael, Language and Nationalism in Europe, Oxford University Press, 2000, p.199, ISBN 0198236719
- ↑ About Languages - University of Leipzig
- ↑
Dialekt kaszubski on Językowa Wiki
Template:Kashubian
Pomeranian
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